COLLEGE PRESIDENTS' FORUM ON UNDERAGE AND BINGE DRINKING The San Diego County College Presidents' Forum on Underage and Binge Drinking is an initiative joining San Diego area institutions of higher learning with government agencies in an unprecedented regional effort to reduce underage and binge drinking among college students. San Diego area colleges and universities, the San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency, and local police departments have undertaken this bold new effort to reduce high-risk levels of alcohol consumption, which negatively impacts the health, safety, and academic progress of many students.
Occasional drinking excesses among of young people of college age are nothing new. Indeed, some regard youthful experiments with alcohol as a "rite of passage" on the road to maturity. What we are confronted with today, however, is a steady rise in high-risk drinking among students and a parallel rise in personal problems. News headlines document the drinking marathons that end tragically in the death of students from alcohol poisoning. However, colleges and universities are seeing a wide range of other alcohol-related problems that are less conspicuous but no less serious for those involved, such as the consequences of unplanned sexual activity, personal injury, and vandalism on and around campuses. Studies by the Harvard School of Public Health reveal the magnitude of what we face. The most recent survey of students at 119 four-year colleges found that 44 percent engaged in binge drinking during the two weeks prior to the survey. Binge levels- five or more drinks on an occasion for men, four for women carry a risk to health or safety. The students most likely to engage in this level of drinking are white, age 23 or younger, and members of a fraternity or sorority. If they were binge drinkers in high school, they were three times more likely to binge in college than those who had not experienced heavy drinking before. The survey also reflected the low degree of compliance with the minimum drinking age among underage students. Students under the age of 21 were found to drink more heavily than those over 21 and have more serious problems with alcohol. Significantly, one-third of the campus binge-drinkers say they were also drinking at that level in high school. Nearly half of students who drink say they do so in order to get drunk. Moreover, a higher percentage of binge-drinkers than non-binge-drinkers were experiencing alcohol related problems, such as missing class, falling behind in school work, not using protection when having sex, and driving a car after drinking. The survey also showed there are substantial numbers of college students who do not drink at all-about 20 percent of the Harvard sample. But students who don't drink do not escape consequences from the behavior of those who do. The Harvard survey found that 71 percent of students have had their sleep or study interrupted by drinkers, 36 percent had been insulted or humiliated by an intoxicated student, and 23 percent had experienced an unwanted sexual advance. Simply telling young people not to drink is both ineffective and unfair. Men and women are coming of age in a society that makes it hard to resist opportunities to partake in alcohol consumption. Alcohol is promoted and sold in ways that glamorize drinking and conceal the damage it can do. Many teenagers are already drinking regularly when they become college freshmen. Retailers who are lax in observing the laws against sale of alcohol to minors are only part of the problem. The legal drinking age is poorly policed at many private parties and public events. Too many adults--even parents fearful of seeing their children get involved with drugs other than alcohol--are blind to the consequences of giving young people access to alcohol. In San Diego County this problem is magnified by a freewheeling lifestyle attractive to young people in some of our beach communities and by the lower legal drinking age in Mexico.
College presidents throughout the nation are identifying underage and high-risk drinking as a serious health problem on their campuses. It is the leading cause of academic failure among students and a danger to life and limb even for those students who do not drink. College administrators are confronting a social culture based on the dangerous notion that heavy drinking is a "rite of passage" for students that should be tolerated by those responsible for their welfare. Planning for the San Diego County "College Presidents' Forum" on binge and underage drinking began in the fall of 1999 in response to a growing concern over binge-level drinking and access to alcohol by underage youth on college and university campuses. In the fall of 1999, Al Medina, Administrator of Alcohol and Drug Services for the Health and Human Services Agency, County of San Diego, brought a request to the Executive Committee of the San Diego County Policy Panel on Youth Access to Alcohol. The Panel is a regional coalition of community leaders and youth advocates charged with providing leadership and guidance for underage drinking prevention efforts. Initiated in 1994, the Panel has been a catalyst for many successful efforts to change or implement public policies aimed at preventing underage drinking. Mr. Medina appealed to the group to respond to the growing public health concern of binge and underage drinking among the County's college students. With the Executive Committee's approval, the Panel assumed the leadership for developing a policy agenda to present to college presidents and public health/safety officials to prevent student binge and underage drinking. With the early support of Senator Dede Alpert, San Diego State University (SDSU) President Stephen L. Weber, and Community College District Chancellor Augustine Gallego, the Policy Panel partnered with the Community-Collegiate Alcohol Prevention Partnership (C-CAPP) and the San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency to become the prime movers in a regional effort to reduce binge and underage drinking among college students. They organized a Higher Education Policy Development Committee consisting of educators and others concerned with campus life, law enforcement officials, public health advocates, social workers, and leaders of community prevention coalitions. The first meeting of the Policy Development Committee was convened in May of 2000 at the San Diego County Substance Abuse Summit V. During the session entitled "The Party's Over: Preventing Underage Drinking on College Campuses," Dr. Sandra Hoover of the American Medical Association (AMA) presented a report on how the AMA is fostering a new approach to this frustrating problem. Called "A Matter of Degree," the AMA program is based on new concepts of campus-community collaboration to change permissive aspects of the social environment that condone drinking by students. Dr. John Clapp, Professor of Social Work at San Diego State University, then presented data on the problem of student binge drinking locally. Representatives of local higher learning institutions resolved at the Summit to build on existing partnerships and pursue the creation of a regional campus-community partnership that would involve leaders from the highest levels of every university, college, law enforcement agency and public health agency in San Diego County. The Committee then searched for common ground in order to form a cooperative prevention agreement between higher education, public health, and law enforcement agencies in the communities surrounding San Diego County campuses. The first step was to seek the broadest possible participation in the planning process. A meeting held on Oct. 19, 2000 brought together 85 campus and community leaders to pool their ideas. There was an outpouring of suggestions to set an agenda for the new town-gown collaboration, which created as many questions as answers. For example, What aspects of the alcohol problem deserves priority? What strategies promise the most positive results? The San Diego County Council on Alcohol Policy and the Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention were especially helpful in reviewing and sorting out possible approaches. The committee also utilized technical assistance and training materials from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention through the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE) Underage Drinking Enforcement Training Center. After this session, the Policy Development Committee faced the task of refining these wide-ranging suggestions into goals and strategies based on sound research and best practices in prevention and reconciling the contrasting views of alcohol problems from the differing perspectives of the academic and off-campus communities. What was needed was a set of recommendations and goals that could be embraced by all concerned and could serve as the basis for a concerted effort to change the social environment affecting the college-age population. By February, the Committee had arrived at proposed language for five recommendations that captured the essence of the ideas advanced at the October meeting, as well as suggested strategies for carrying out the recommendations. At a Feb. 9, 2001 meeting, again attended by a broad cross-section of concerned parties, these proposed recommendations and strategies were reviewed and amended. At that point the Committee only needed to seek top-level approval of the recommendations from participating institutions taking part in the process-community colleges, California State University (CSU) San Marcos, San Diego State University (SDSU), the University of California San Diego (UCSD), the University of San Diego (USD), and Alliant University (formerly known as United States International University.) From a series of meetings and negotiations in the weeks that followed, there emerged a consensus on recommendations that all could support.
The policy development process culminated at the Presidents' Forum on March 23 at which time members from throughout the San Diego academic community and leaders of local and state law enforcement and public health agencies expressed support for the proposed policy agenda. The Policy Panel on Youth Access to Alcohol (chaired by Ron Ottinger, a San Diego Unified School District Board Member) sponsored the Forum. Dr. Stephen Weber of San Diego State University and Chancellor Augustine Gallego of the San Diego Community College District served as the Forum's co-hosts with Dr. Robert K. Ross as the moderator. Dr. Weber and Chancellor Gallego reviewed the alarming data regarding high-risk drinking among college students, including a recent survey reporting over 70 alcohol-related deaths at campuses throughout the United States in a single year. "There is more to the story of alcohol problems on and around our campuses than drunk driving fatalities and alcohol poisoning," said Dr. Weber. "We are seeing a wide range of other alcohol-related problems, such as date rape, unplanned sexual activity, scholastic failure, personal injury and vandalism. Indeed, there has been an increasing body of evidence from several of our nation's top public health institutions that indicate that underage and binge drinking is the most serious problem on our campuses today." State Senator Dede Alpert of San Diego defined the challenge for the Forum. "For generations," she said, "the over-consumption of alcohol has been a rite of passage from high school to college; so widespread and so commonplace that it is now a cultural expectation. It is the norm in our society to allow high risk drinking. How do we change that norm? We've changed the norm about drunk driving. We've changed the norm about cigarette smoking. We have to work harder to change the social norms regarding alcohol among our college students. Today's Forum is not going to achieve a quick fix because those kinds of things take time. But your actions today can launch a process that will reverberate not only here in San Diego County but throughout the state of California." Dr. Rodger Lum, Director of the San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency, echoed Senator Alpert's call for patience. "This is a complex problem with multiple causative factors. If we had simple solutions, we would have solved this problem a long time ago." Dr. Robert K. Ross, former Director of the San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency and now President of the California Endowment, addressed the science-based approach of environmental management to prevention. "Environmental management means creating a culture-replacing an existing culture with a different kind of culture. It has to do with a basic change in attitudes," Ross said. "College students find themselves in a culture that says it is all right to engage in the kind of drinking that threatens their lives and their future. Either through our action or lack of action what we've done collectively to our young people constitutes a breach of integrity. There's really no other way to describe it. The only way to restore a breach of integrity is through acts of integrity. What are we going to do?" As the Forum continued, educators and prevention specialists explained the nature of the problems addressed by each of the policy recommendations and how the proposed strategies would help reduce those problems. Manuel Espinoza, Director of the California Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control promised the support of his agency for the college initiative. "I have great hope for this effort in San Diego County," he said. "You have the broad-based support, you are using the best methodology, and you have great leadership." At the powerful closing of the Forum, 24 college and university officials and community representatives put their signatures under the Forum's proclamation, which included a preamble and five basic recommendations to symbolize their commitment to change the social environment in which college students in San Diego County make choices regarding the consumption of alcohol. "Support
doesn't necessarily mean that alcohol problems are easy for college administrators
to talk about or to address in a meaningful way. There are powerful forces
that make it difficult to change the role that alcohol plays in our culture.
Now is a good time to act. San Diego County, with its history and tradition
of collaboration across systems, is a good place to begin. The work we
do here is important for our students and institutions as well as for
other communities across California."-
The endorsed policy agenda is contained in the following preamble and five recommendations created by the San Diego County College Presidents' Forum on Underage and Binge Drinking on March 23, 2001. Proclamation Preamble Alcohol consumption by underage students and episodic heavy drinking by students of all ages is a serious threat to the health, safety and economic progress of students in San Diego County. This Forum of college administrators, public health and safety executives and student leaders is calling for collaboration by institutions of higher learning, students, prevention groups, local elected officials, law enforcement agencies, and alcohol retailers in a joint campus-community effort to reduce alcohol abuse in the student population. The Forum endorses five broad policy recommendations as a comprehensive approach to reducing alcohol problems on and around our campuses by changing the physical, social, economic and legal environment in which alcohol is made available.
Establish model enforcement policies and strategies by on-campus and off-campus law enforcement agencies to assure that underage drinking will not be tolerated and that those who participate in or contribute to it will face legal consequences. Suggested Strategies:
End the practice of promoting, advertising and pricing of alcoholic beverages in ways that encourage underage and high-risk drinking. Suggested Strategies: 1. Encourage counter-advertising
that educates the public about the consequences of alcohol use. 4. Restrict alcohol
sales at fundraising events attended by underage students. Restrict industry
sponsorship of campus events.
Require alcohol licensees, sponsors of campus events and social hosts to follow responsible beverage service practices and support aggressive prosecution of those who violate California statutes on the sale and service of alcohol. Suggested Strategies:
Make institutional resources available to support programs reducing the impact of alcohol on student health, safety and academic success, by changing those conditions in the student environment that encourage or facilitate underage and high-risk drinking, and by providing intervention and referrals for students experiencing alcohol-related problems. Suggested Strategies:
On campuses that provide student housing, assure that students have access to housing that promotes safety and freedom from the adverse effects of alcohol. Suggested Strategies:
We wish to thank the
following participants:
Are you
a higher education professional, college student, concerned parent or
resident, a health, government or law enforcement professional etc. who
wants to make a positive impact on their community by helping San Diego
take the necessary steps forward to reduce the harmful effects of underage
and binge drinking? If your answer is YES or if you have any questions,
please contact: |
| Funding for the College Presidents' Forum on Underage and Binge Drinking is provided by a grant from the California Endowment, and the County of San Diego, Health and Human Services Agency. |